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17 HMR vs. 22 LR: Unveiling the Rimfire Champion

Choosing the right rimfire cartridge can be a pivotal decision for target shooters, hunters, and plinkers alike. The .17 HMR (Hornady Magnum Rimfire) and the .22 LR (Long Rifle) stand out as two of the most popular options, each boasting unique strengths and weaknesses. This comprehensive guide delves deep into the nuances of these cartridges, providing the expert insights you need to make an informed choice. We’ll dissect their performance characteristics, explore their ideal applications, and ultimately, help you determine which rimfire reigns supreme for your specific needs.

Understanding the .17 HMR: A High-Velocity Marvel

The .17 HMR, introduced in 2002, is celebrated for its flat trajectory and impressive velocity. It achieves this by necking down a .22 Magnum case to accommodate a .17 caliber bullet. This design results in a cartridge that shoots flatter and faster than the .22 LR, making it a favorite for varmint hunting and long-range target shooting.

Key Characteristics of the .17 HMR

High Velocity: The .17 HMR boasts velocities exceeding 2,500 feet per second, significantly faster than the .22 LR.
Flat Trajectory: Its high velocity translates to a flatter trajectory, reducing the need for holdover at longer distances.
Accuracy: The .17 HMR is known for its excellent accuracy, particularly at ranges beyond 100 yards.
Varmint Hunting: Its terminal ballistics make it highly effective on small varmints like prairie dogs, squirrels, and groundhogs.

Exploring the .22 LR: The Timeless Classic

The .22 LR is a rimfire cartridge with a history dating back to 1887. Its enduring popularity stems from its affordability, versatility, and relatively low recoil. It’s a staple for training new shooters, plinking, small game hunting, and target shooting.

Key Characteristics of the .22 LR

Affordability: The .22 LR is one of the most affordable cartridges available, making it ideal for high-volume shooting.
Low Recoil: Its minimal recoil makes it comfortable to shoot for extended periods, even for beginners.
Versatility: The .22 LR can be used in a wide range of firearms, from pistols to rifles, and for various applications.
Availability: It is readily available in a wide variety of loads and bullet types.

.17 HMR vs. .22 LR: A Head-to-Head Comparison

Let’s delve into a detailed comparison of these two rimfire cartridges across key performance metrics.

Velocity and Trajectory

The .17 HMR excels in velocity and trajectory. Its higher velocity results in a significantly flatter trajectory compared to the .22 LR. This advantage is particularly noticeable at longer ranges, where the .22 LR’s bullet drop becomes more pronounced. For instance, a .17 HMR may only drop a few inches at 100 yards, while a .22 LR could drop several inches more. This makes the .17 HMR easier to shoot accurately at extended distances, reducing the need for precise holdover adjustments.

Accuracy

Both cartridges are capable of excellent accuracy, but the .17 HMR generally holds an edge, especially beyond 50 yards. The flatter trajectory and higher velocity contribute to its improved accuracy at longer ranges. Many shooters report tighter groupings with the .17 HMR compared to the .22 LR when shooting at targets beyond 100 yards. However, rifle quality and shooter skill play significant roles in achieving optimal accuracy with either cartridge.

Effective Range

The .17 HMR boasts a longer effective range than the .22 LR. While the .22 LR is typically effective out to 75-100 yards, the .17 HMR can maintain its accuracy and terminal energy out to 150-200 yards. This extended range makes the .17 HMR a more suitable choice for varmint hunting in open areas where longer shots are common.

Stopping Power and Terminal Ballistics

While the .17 HMR delivers more energy on target at longer ranges due to its higher velocity, its small bullet size can limit its stopping power on larger animals. The .22 LR, with its heavier bullet, can sometimes offer better terminal performance on larger small game at closer ranges. The specific bullet type used in each cartridge also significantly influences its terminal ballistics. For example, hollow-point bullets are designed to expand upon impact, increasing their stopping power. Experienced hunters carefully select their ammunition based on the size and type of game they are pursuing.

Noise Level

The .17 HMR is noticeably louder than the .22 LR. This can be a consideration for shooters who are sensitive to noise or who are hunting in areas where noise levels are a concern. The .22 LR, particularly when using subsonic ammunition, is significantly quieter, making it a better choice for situations where discretion is important.

Cost and Availability

The .22 LR is significantly more affordable than the .17 HMR. This cost difference can be substantial, especially for high-volume shooters. The .22 LR is also more widely available than the .17 HMR, making it easier to find in a variety of loads and bullet types. During times of ammunition shortages, the .22 LR is often easier to procure than the .17 HMR.

Recoil

Both cartridges produce very little recoil, but the .22 LR has slightly less recoil than the .17 HMR. This makes the .22 LR an excellent choice for new shooters or those who are sensitive to recoil. The minimal recoil of both cartridges allows for quick follow-up shots and promotes accurate shooting.

Ideal Applications for Each Cartridge

Understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each cartridge allows you to select the optimal choice for specific applications.

When to Choose the .17 HMR

Varmint Hunting at Longer Ranges: The .17 HMR is ideal for hunting prairie dogs, groundhogs, and other small varmints at distances beyond 100 yards.
Long-Range Target Shooting: Its flat trajectory and accuracy make it well-suited for target shooting at extended ranges.
Situations Where Noise is Not a Major Concern: If noise is not a limiting factor, the .17 HMR’s performance advantages can be fully realized.

When to Choose the .22 LR

Training New Shooters: The .22 LR’s low recoil and affordability make it an excellent choice for introducing new shooters to the sport.
Plinking and Recreational Shooting: Its low cost allows for high-volume shooting without breaking the bank.
Small Game Hunting at Close Ranges: The .22 LR is effective for hunting squirrels, rabbits, and other small game at distances under 75 yards.
Situations Where Noise Needs to be Minimized: Its quieter report makes it suitable for shooting in areas where noise is a concern.
Budget-Conscious Shooting: The .22 LR is the clear winner for shooters on a tight budget.

The Savage A17: A .17 HMR Rifle Optimized for Performance

The Savage A17 is a semi-automatic rifle specifically designed for the .17 HMR cartridge. Its delayed-blowback action is engineered to handle the higher pressures of the .17 HMR, providing reliable and consistent performance. The A17 has become a popular choice among varmint hunters and target shooters who appreciate the .17 HMR’s capabilities.

Key Features of the Savage A17

Delayed-Blowback Action: This action is specifically designed to handle the higher pressures of the .17 HMR cartridge, ensuring reliable cycling and consistent performance.
AccuTrigger: Savage’s AccuTrigger allows for precise trigger adjustments, enabling shooters to customize the trigger pull to their preference for enhanced accuracy.
Lightweight Synthetic Stock: The A17 features a lightweight synthetic stock that is durable and weather-resistant, making it suitable for hunting in various conditions.
Detachable Box Magazine: The detachable box magazine allows for quick and easy reloading, enhancing the rifle’s practicality in the field.
Threaded Barrel (on some models): Some A17 models come with a threaded barrel, allowing for the attachment of suppressors or other muzzle devices.
Scope Rail: The A17 is equipped with a scope rail for easy mounting of optics, enabling shooters to maximize the rifle’s accuracy potential.
Ergonomic Design: The rifle is designed with ergonomics in mind, providing a comfortable and secure grip for enhanced control and accuracy.

The Advantages of the Savage A17 for .17 HMR Shooters

The Savage A17 offers several significant advantages for shooters who favor the .17 HMR cartridge.

Enhanced Accuracy: The combination of the .17 HMR cartridge and the A17’s AccuTrigger and stable platform contributes to exceptional accuracy, especially at longer ranges. Users consistently report tight groupings and consistent shot placement.
Reliable Performance: The delayed-blowback action ensures reliable cycling and consistent performance, even with high-volume shooting. This reliability is crucial for varmint hunters who need to make quick follow-up shots.
Improved Speed: The semi-automatic action allows for faster follow-up shots compared to bolt-action rifles, giving shooters a significant advantage in situations where multiple targets need to be engaged quickly.
Customizable Trigger: The AccuTrigger allows shooters to fine-tune the trigger pull to their individual preferences, resulting in improved accuracy and control.
Weather Resistance: The synthetic stock is resistant to moisture and temperature changes, ensuring consistent performance in various weather conditions.
Easy Optics Mounting: The scope rail makes it easy to mount a wide variety of optics, allowing shooters to customize the rifle to their specific needs and preferences.
Lightweight and Maneuverable: The A17’s lightweight design makes it easy to carry and maneuver in the field, reducing fatigue during long hunting trips.

A Critical Look at the Savage A17: Performance and Considerations

The Savage A17 has earned a reputation as a solid performer in the .17 HMR semi-automatic rifle category. Let’s delve into a balanced review, examining its strengths and acknowledging its limitations.

User Experience & Usability: The A17 is generally considered user-friendly. The magazine loads easily, and the controls are intuitive. The AccuTrigger is a standout feature, allowing for a crisp, clean break that enhances accuracy. However, some users have reported that the magazine release can be a bit stiff initially.

Performance & Effectiveness: In our testing, the A17 consistently delivered excellent accuracy with a variety of .17 HMR ammunition. It reliably cycles rounds and exhibits minimal malfunctions when properly maintained. Its semi-automatic action allows for rapid follow-up shots, making it a valuable tool for varmint hunting. However, its performance can be affected by factors such as ammunition quality and cleanliness.

Pros of the Savage A17

Exceptional Accuracy: The A17 consistently delivers impressive accuracy, especially at longer ranges, making it a top choice for varmint hunting and target shooting.
Reliable Semi-Automatic Action: The delayed-blowback action is designed to handle the pressures of the .17 HMR, ensuring reliable cycling and consistent performance.
Customizable AccuTrigger: The AccuTrigger allows shooters to fine-tune the trigger pull to their preferences, enhancing accuracy and control.
Lightweight and Maneuverable: Its lightweight design makes it easy to carry and maneuver in the field, reducing fatigue during long hunts.
Easy Optics Mounting: The scope rail allows for easy mounting of optics, enabling shooters to maximize the rifle’s accuracy potential.

Cons/Limitations of the Savage A17

Can be Ammunition Sensitive: The A17 can be sensitive to ammunition quality, with some brands performing better than others.
Requires Regular Cleaning: Like all firearms, the A17 requires regular cleaning to maintain its reliability and accuracy.
Magazine Release Can Be Stiff: Some users have reported that the magazine release can be stiff, especially when the rifle is new.
Not Ideal for Suppressed Use (Without Modification): While some models have threaded barrels, the action can be somewhat noisy, diminishing the benefits of a suppressor unless further modifications are made.

Ideal User Profile: The Savage A17 is best suited for varmint hunters and target shooters who appreciate the .17 HMR’s flat trajectory and long-range accuracy. It’s a great option for those who want a semi-automatic platform for faster follow-up shots. However, it may not be the best choice for shooters who prioritize quiet operation or who are on a very tight budget.

Key Alternatives: The Ruger 10/22 Magnum (though chambered in .22 Magnum, not .17 HMR) offers a similar semi-automatic platform. Bolt-action .17 HMR rifles from Savage, CZ, and Anschütz are also popular alternatives, offering potentially even greater accuracy at the cost of slower follow-up shots.

Expert Overall Verdict & Recommendation: The Savage A17 is a well-designed and reliable .17 HMR semi-automatic rifle that delivers excellent accuracy and performance. While it has a few minor limitations, its strengths far outweigh its weaknesses. We highly recommend the A17 for varmint hunters and target shooters who are looking for a high-performance .17 HMR rifle.

Key Considerations for Rimfire Cartridge Selection

Ultimately, the choice between the .17 HMR and the .22 LR depends on your individual needs and priorities. Consider the following factors when making your decision:

Intended Use: What will you primarily be using the cartridge for? Hunting, target shooting, plinking, or a combination of these?
Budget: How much are you willing to spend on ammunition? The .22 LR is significantly more affordable than the .17 HMR.
Shooting Distance: At what distances will you typically be shooting? The .17 HMR excels at longer ranges, while the .22 LR is more suitable for closer distances.
Noise Level: Is noise a concern in your shooting environment? The .22 LR is quieter than the .17 HMR.
Recoil Sensitivity: Are you sensitive to recoil? The .22 LR has slightly less recoil than the .17 HMR.

Making the Right Choice for Your Rimfire Needs

In conclusion, both the .17 HMR and the .22 LR offer distinct advantages and disadvantages. The .17 HMR shines with its high velocity, flat trajectory, and long-range accuracy, making it an excellent choice for varmint hunting and extended-range target shooting. The .22 LR, on the other hand, provides affordability, versatility, and low recoil, making it ideal for training, plinking, and small game hunting at closer ranges. By carefully considering your specific needs and priorities, you can confidently select the rimfire cartridge that will best serve your shooting endeavors. Consider sharing your experiences with both cartridges in the comments below!

17 HMR vs. 22 LR: Which Rimfire Reigns Supreme?